All sites should be protected with HTTPS, even ones that don't handle sensitive data. This includes avoiding [mixed content](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/prevent-mixed-content/what-is-mixed-content), where some resources are loaded over HTTP despite the initial request being servedover HTTPS. HTTPS prevents intruders from tampering with or passively listening in on the communications between your app and your users, and is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs

Estimated Input Latency is an estimate of how long your app takes to respond to user input, in milliseconds, during the busiest 5s window of page load. If your latency is higher than 50 ms, users may perceive your app as laggy

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page

A large DOM will increase memory usage, cause longer [style calculations](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/reduce-the-scope-and-complexity-of-style-calculations), and produce costly [layout reflows](https://developers.google.com/speed/articles/reflow)

A fast page load over a cellular network ensures a good mobile user experience

Third-party code can significantly impact load performance. Limit the number of redundant third-party providers and try to load third-party code after your page has primarily finished loading

Consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images after all critical resources have finished loading to lower time to interactive

Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated

Text-based resources should be served with compression (gzip, deflate or brotli) to minimize total network bytes

Resources are blocking the first paint of your page. Consider delivering critical JS/CSS inline and deferring all non-critical JS/styles

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this

Server latencies can impact web performance. If the server latency of an origin is high, it's an indication the server is overloaded or has poor backend performance

Remove dead rules from stylesheets and defer the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity

Remove unused JavaScript to reduce bytes consumed by network activity

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this

These DOM elements contribute most to the CLS of the page.

Lists the longest tasks on the main thread, useful for identifying worst contributors to input delay

First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted

This is the largest contentful element painted within the viewport

Cumulative Layout Shift measures the movement of visible elements within the viewport

Time to interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive

Serve images that are appropriately-sized to save cellular data and improve load time

Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds

Network round trip times (RTT) have a large impact on performance. If the RTT to an origin is high, it's an indication that servers closer to the user could improve performance

The Critical Request Chains below show you what resources are loaded with a high priority. Consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load

First CPU Idle marks the first time at which the page's main thread is quiet enough to handle input. [Learn more](https://web.dev/first-cpu-idle/).

Image formats like JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, and WebP often provide better compression than PNG or JPEG, which means faster downloads and less data consumption

First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible

To set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources, add a budget.json file

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task

Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted

Consider instrumenting your app with the User Timing API to measure your app's real-world performance during key user experiences

Some third-party scripts may contain known security vulnerabilities that are easily identified and exploited by attackers

Text-based resources should be served with compression (gzip, deflate or brotli) to minimize total network bytes

Serve images that are appropriately-sized to save cellular data and improve load time

First Contentful Paint 3G marks the time at which the first text or image is painted while on a 3G network

Font sizes less than 12px are too small to be legible and require mobile visitors to “pinch to zoom” in order to read. Strive to have >60% of page text ≥12px

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this

Resources are blocking the first paint of your page. Consider delivering critical JS/CSS inline and deferring all non-critical JS/styles

Lists the longest tasks on the main thread, useful for identifying worst contributors to input delay

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times

Network round trip times (RTT) have a large impact on performance. If the RTT to an origin is high, it's an indication that servers closer to the user could improve performance

Some third-party scripts may contain known security vulnerabilities that are easily identified and exploited by attackers

All sites should be protected with HTTPS, even ones that don't handle sensitive data. This includes avoiding [mixed content](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/prevent-mixed-content/what-is-mixed-content), where some resources are loaded over HTTP despite the initial request being servedover HTTPS. HTTPS prevents intruders from tampering with or passively listening in on the communications between your app and your users, and is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it

Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds

Consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images after all critical resources have finished loading to lower time to interactive

Third-party code can significantly impact load performance. Limit the number of redundant third-party providers and try to load third-party code after your page has primarily finished loading

Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted

A fast page load over a cellular network ensures a good mobile user experience

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task

To set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources, add a budget.json file

Server latencies can impact web performance. If the server latency of an origin is high, it's an indication the server is overloaded or has poor backend performance

First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible

Interactive elements like buttons and links should be large enough (48x48px), and have enough space around them, to be easy enough to tap without overlapping onto other elements

A large DOM will increase memory usage, cause longer [style calculations](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/reduce-the-scope-and-complexity-of-style-calculations), and produce costly [layout reflows](https://developers.google.com/speed/articles/reflow)

Time to interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive

First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted

Estimated Input Latency is an estimate of how long your app takes to respond to user input, in milliseconds, during the busiest 5s window of page load. If your latency is higher than 50 ms, users may perceive your app as laggy

Image formats like JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, and WebP often provide better compression than PNG or JPEG, which means faster downloads and less data consumption

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this

The Critical Request Chains below show you what resources are loaded with a high priority. Consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load

First CPU Idle marks the first time at which the page's main thread is quiet enough to handle input. [Learn more](https://web.dev/first-cpu-idle/).

Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated

Consider instrumenting your app with the User Timing API to measure your app's real-world performance during key user experiences

Remove unused JavaScript to reduce bytes consumed by network activity

Remove dead rules from stylesheets and defer the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity

This is the largest contentful element painted within the viewport